剑指 Offer 09. 用两个栈实现队列

题目描述

用两个栈实现一个队列。队列的声明如下,请实现它的两个函数 $appendTail$ 和 $deleteHead$ ,分别完成在队列尾部插入整数和在队列头部删除整数的功能。(若队列中没有元素,$deleteHead$ 操作返回 -1 )

示例 1:

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输入:
["CQueue","appendTail","deleteHead","deleteHead"]
[[],[3],[],[]]
输出:[null,null,3,-1]

示例 2:

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输入:
["CQueue","deleteHead","appendTail","appendTail","deleteHead","deleteHead"]
[[],[],[5],[2],[],[]]
输出:[null,-1,null,null,5,2]

提示:

  • $1 <= values <= 10000$
  • $最多会对 appendTail、deleteHead 进行 10000 次调用$

算法

(辅助栈)) $O(n)$

一个主栈 $stk$ 用于存储队列元素,一个辅助栈 $cache$ 用于暂存中间状态

  1. appendTail(val):直接将 $val$ 压入到 $stk$ 中
  2. deleteHead():先将 $stk$ 中的元素弹到 $cache$ 中,此时 $cache$ 的栈顶就是队列的队头,删除即可。

时间复杂度

$O(n)$

空间复杂度

$O(n)$

C++ 代码

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class CQueue {
public:
stack<int> stk, cache;

CQueue() {

}

void appendTail(int value) {
stk.push(value);
}

int deleteHead() {
if (stk.empty()) return -1;
while (stk.size()) cache.push(stk.top()), stk.pop();
int val = cache.top();
cache.pop();
while (cache.size()) stk.push(cache.top()), cache.pop();
return val;
}
};

/**
* Your CQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
* CQueue* obj = new CQueue();
* obj->appendTail(value);
* int param_2 = obj->deleteHead();
*/
Author: tonngw
Link: https://tonngw.com/2022/07/08/剑指 Offer/剑指 Offer 09. 用两个栈实现队列/
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